What this site is for
This is a patient decision guide, not a textbook. The anatomy of the eyelid, the way the eye area is examined and the operations performed on it are explained properly on the Eyelids and periocular hub and on Dr. Mao's own site. Repeating them here would help nobody. What this site adds is the part a patient has to do alone: working out which contributor is producing the look, deciding whether it needs anything done, recognising the versions of it that an operation makes worse, and knowing when the question belongs to a physician rather than to a surgeon.
Who writes it
The guides are written by the clinical content team of the Plastic Surgery & Aesthetics Medical Center at Chongqing West District Hospital and medically reviewed by Tongchun Mao, MD, Deputy Director and Head of Aesthetic Surgery, who assesses these problems here. Every page carries the reviewer's name and the date it was last reviewed. Nothing on this site is attributed to a clinician who has not read it.
What we deliberately do not publish
No prices, because an honest figure depends on which contributor is being treated, whether anything is combined with it, the anaesthetic and the facility, and a number invented for a web page misleads more than it helps. No brand names for medicines or devices. No dosages. No claims that a particular result will be achieved, and no before-and-after images used as evidence, because a result in one face does not predict a result in yours.
The limits of a website
Nothing here can tell you which contributor is producing your tired look. That needs someone to look at your lids in movement, in the right light, to press and lift the tissue and to compare the two sides — a set of findings that takes minutes in person and cannot be reproduced through a screen. A photograph, including a good one, shows the impression rather than the cause. Use this site to arrive at a consultation with better questions, and treat any answer you receive here as general information rather than advice about you.